结核杆菌涂片显微视觉检测系统的自动聚焦

结核杆菌医学涂片大多具有观察区内容稀疏不均匀、杂质较多的特点,使用自动显微镜检方法进行图像采集时,会出现清晰度区分困难、效率低下、甚至聚焦评价失效的问题,为提高自动镜检的效率和准确度,本文自主搭建了显微视觉计算机自动检测系统,对结核杆菌涂片的自动聚焦技术进行系统的研究。首先,对比研究11种常用聚焦函数对结核杆菌镜检玻片图像聚焦评价的优劣,并分析了聚焦成功和失效的原因。在综合分析各聚焦函数对结核杆菌涂片的聚焦效果基础上,提出了一种基于Tenengrad的改进型聚焦评价函数,通过改进内容像素的聚焦权重提高聚焦准确度,优化图像处理算法来提高图像采集效率。实验结果表明:改进型Tenengrad聚焦函数FTen-Q在结核杆菌涂片的各类视野图像评价方面具有高灵敏度和准确度,其聚焦成功率和运算效率分别提高了13.884%和17.616%,可以满足结核杆菌涂片类非均匀涂片的显微视觉自动检测应用要求。     

SiC颗粒对轧辊表面镀层应力影响的有限元分析*

目前针对多颗粒复合镀层有限元模型的建立尚不准确。以轧辊的服役工况为背景,利用Python语言和ABAQUS软件建立试块底面带有SiC颗粒增强Ni基复合镀层的环-块滑动摩擦有限元模型,系统研究SiC颗粒含量和尺寸对涂层表面及涂层-基体界面峰值等效应力的影响规律。结果表明：当SiC颗粒含量为3 vol.%～9 vol.%时,涂层表面和涂层-基体界面峰值应力随颗粒含量的增大而增大,分别增大了78.01%和32.06%;当SiC颗粒含量为9 vol.%～15 vol.%时,随着颗粒含量的增大,涂层表面峰值应力呈下降趋势,降低了13.02%,而涂层-基体界面峰值应力基本保持不变;当SiC颗粒直径为0.8～1μm时,涂层表面及涂层-基体界面峰值应力随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大,分别增大了51.5%和32.6%;当SiC颗粒直径为0.3～0.8μm时,涂层表面及涂层-基体界面峰值应力基本保持不变。综合考虑轧辊表面镀层的性能需求以及实际复合电镀工艺,依据界面应力与镀层结合状态之间的关系,SiC颗粒含量以9 vol.%左右为宜,SiC颗粒直径以0.8μm左右为宜。所建立的多颗粒随机分布涂层基体的有限元模型更接...     

磁共振无线能量传输拓扑结构特性研究

研究磁共振无线能量传输拓扑结构的一般特性,即变输入(激励、损耗)条件下谐振能量在时域上的存储、振荡的谐振规律。建立了基于输入项的链式拓扑结构、分支拓扑结构的能量谐振模型,通过求解两种拓扑结构变激励、变损耗输入条件下的能量振荡时域解,分别得到链式拓扑条件下的距离增强条件和分支拓扑结构下的能量分配条件。以单一中继拓扑结构和两负载拓扑为实例,在相隔线圈无耦合、负载之间无耦合的假设条件下,建立了基于能量的最大传输容量模型和负载间能量"抢夺"模型,实验验证了链式拓扑结构最大传输距离增强条件和分支拓扑结构能量分配模型的正确性。     

Dynamic simulation of the effect of vehicle-side pressure loss of hydrogen fueling process

This study explains the fundamental mathematical equations used for the main component models that are implemented in freely available library for hydrogen fueling station. The paper provides a background to the model formulation and theory, useful for the further investigations of hydrogen fueling stations. The model was verified against a specific manufacturer model, and it was validated by using test data from an actual fueling station. The study works as documentation and validation of the model formulation. The simulation library is used to make a model for investigating how the pressure loss in the vehicle affects the fueling process. Keeping the temperature out of the station constant and fueling to 80 MPa in the compressed hydrogen storage system, the pressure loss in the compressed hydrogen storage system directly correlates to the final temperature. The final temperature increases with increasing pressure losses. It is also shown that with no pressure loss in the vehicle the fueling has no limit in fueling speed as the heat of compression depends on the mass filled and the enthalpy of the mass, and not the filling time.     

Grain size effect on electrical properties of Mn-modified 0.67BiFeO3–0.33BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

To investigate how grain size affects the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of Mn-modified 0.67BiFeO₃–0.33BaTiO₃ ceramics, we prepared samples with a wide variety of grain sizes from 4.1 μm to 0.59 μm via a conventional solid-state process that use the normal and the two-step sintering methods. Small-signal dielectric measurements show that all the samples exhibit a relaxor-like behavior and that grain size has little influence on the room-temperature dielectric permittivity. For grain sizes below 2 μm, the remanent polarization P_r and piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ decrease with the grain size, whereas they remain almost constant near P_r = 27 μC/cm² and d₃₃ = 70 pC/N in samples with grain sizes exceeding 2 μm. The mechanism underlying the observed grain size effect is discussed in terms of the electric-field-induced formation of macroscopic ferroelectric domains.     

The “flow of stresses” concept: The analogy between mechanical strength and heat convection

Here we show that there is a complete analogy between the configuring of heat and fluid flow and the configuring of the “flow of stresses”. The common principle is the avoidance of flow strangulations. This endows the flow systems (fluid, heat, stresses) with high density: for example, strongest for a fixed volume, or lightest for a fixed load. Examples treated in detail are “ducts” for the flow of stresses (slender bars in tension of compression), bifurcated bars shaped as Y and V, and slender and tapered plates (adhesive joints, tendons, ligaments), which are shown to be analogous to convection boundary layers. The design value of the “flow of stresses” concept is emphasized: to facilitate the flow of stresses (and the flow of fluid and heat) is to generate the configuration of the flow system, in accord with the constructal law.     

Accuracy enhancement for the front-end tracking algorithm of RGB-D SLAM

Intelligent Service Robotics - A robust and accurate simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in working scenarios is an essential competence to perform mobile robotic tasks autonomously....     

Formation of scanning tracks during Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of pure tungsten powder: Morphology,geometric features and forming mechanisms

Due to the high melting point and high heat conductivity, selective laser melting (SLM) of tungsten is still challenging. To have a better understanding of SLM tungsten parts, the effects of processing parameters such as laser power and scanning speed on scanning tracks formation of pure tungsten powder were investigated. As linear energy increased with increasing laser power and decreasing scanning speed, the height and contact angle of scanning tracks gradually reduced, while the width and penetration depth increased. Owing to the good wetting and spreading, the flow front of scanning tracks gradually became smooth and stable with the increased linear energy. However, the transverse cracks induced by large temperature gradient and high cooling rate appeared on the surface of the scanning tracks at linear energy of more than 1.75 J/mm. A maximum temperature of 4630.27 °C and high cooling rate of 8.6 × 10⁶ °C/s were obtained during SLM process of tungsten powder when the linear energy was 1.75 J/mm. This work provides scientific guidance for SLM-processed tungsten parts.     

八自由度连续体操作臂的运动学分析与仿真

从内窥服务的灵活性与安全性角度出发，设计了一款具有柔性骨架通过套管拉线驱动的八自由度连续体操作臂，基于分段恒定曲率假设和旋量理论得到了操作臂的全局正逆运动学解析解。为实现气瓶、油箱以及口腔等小入口腔体内表面状态的自动内窥检测，提出了一种协调工作空间与关节空间的“双空间协同运动规划法”。最后，通过数值仿真验证了运动学模型和运动规划方法的有效性。